Laravel 新手村(1) Hello

Laravel 新手場的紀錄
windows 10 家用版 可能裝不起來 Docker
想挑戰可以參考 搭建 Laravel Sail 开发环境 - Windows

使用 Sail 安裝環境

1. 下載 Docker
2. docker ps
3. 下載一個 image curl -s https://laravel.build/example-app | bash
4. ./vendor/bin/sail up

route, controller

1. 介紹路由
2. 介紹控制器

請求與路由

1. Laravel 的請求入口點是 index.php，在經過一連串的啟動後 request 會分派到路由檔案 eg. routes/web.php
2. 路由檔案會將請求分派給控制器

public/index.php

<?php

define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true));

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Register The Auto Loader
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Composer provides a convenient, automatically generated class loader for
| our application. We just need to utilize it! We'll simply require it
| into the script here so that we don't have to worry about manual
| loading any of our classes later on. It feels great to relax.
|
*/

require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Turn On The Lights
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| We need to illuminate PHP development, so let us turn on the lights.
| This bootstraps the framework and gets it ready for use, then it
| will load up this application so that we can run it and send
| the responses back to the browser and delight our users.
|
*/

$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Run The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request
| through the kernel, and send the associated response back to
| the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative
| and wonderful application we have prepared for them.
|
*/

$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);

$response = $kernel->handle(
    $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);

$response->send();

$kernel->terminate($request, $response);

撰寫路由

開啟 routes/web.php 開始撰寫第一個路由

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcom');
});

語法是一個配對的字串與一個 callback function。
預設範例是讓 / 回傳一個叫做 welcom 的 view（有關畫面，即 laravel blade 會在下一次介紹 )。

控制器

既然是動態網站，通常會有一些邏輯要處理，通常不會將邏輯直接寫在路由檔案裡，而是抽到控制器。（參考：MVC 架構）

可以透過 artisan 指令建立 controller

php artisan make:controller HelloController

這樣就會在 app/Http/Controllers/ 底下建立一個 HelloController.php

開啟 HelloController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class HelloController extends Controller
{

    public function home(): string
    {
        return 'Hello Controller';
    }

}

在這個 controller 裡面寫下一個 home function

回到路由檔案寫下，我們希望將 /home 匹配到我們建立的 HomeController 裡面的 home function

Route::get('/home', 'HomeController@home');

在 Laravel 8 之前使用字串匹配，但目前建議使用陣列

Route::get('/home', HomeController@home);

參考

• https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/sail
• 路由控制 Shengyou Fan